Biopedia

• 102- Hyperdontia and Hypodontia

  As it turns out, Louis XIII of France and Drypetina of Pontus have something in common. They have hyperdontia, or too many teeth. Today, we go through the phenomena of hyperdontia, hypodontia and concomitant hypo-hyperdontia. Sources for this episode: Ammianus Marcellinus (1956) in Three Volumes (Vol. I). Translated by J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann Ltd. Eshgian, N., Al-Talib, T., Nelson, S. and Abubakr, N. H. (2021), Prevalence of hyperdontia, hypodontia, and concomitant hypo-hyperdontia. Journal of Dental Sciences 16: 713-717. Gracco, A. L. T., Zanatta, S., Valvecchi, F. F., Bignotti, D., Perri, A. and Baciliero, F. (2017), Prevalence of dental agenesis in a sample of Italian orthodontic patients: an epidemiological study. Progress in Orthodontics 18:33. Littlewood, I. (2002), The Rough Guide: History of France. London: Rough Guides Ltd. Peker, I., Kaya, E. and Darendeliler-Yaman, S. (2009) Clinical and radio- graphical evaluation of non- syndromic hypodontia and hyperdontia in permanent dentition. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal 14: e393e7. Pliny (1961), Natural History in Ten Volumes (Volume II: Libri III- VII). Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann, Ltd. Snow, P. and Macmillan, A. (2022), Kings & Queens: The Real Lives of the English Monarchs. London: Welbeck. Author unknown (1830), A Collection of the Most Instructive and Amusing Lives Ever Published. Volume VIII: Lord Herbert and Prince Eugene. London: Whittaker, Treacher, and Arnot. Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Agrippina the Younger (online) (Accessed 15/10/2024). Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Drypetina (online) (Accessed 15/10/2024). Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Louis XIII (online) (Accessed 15/10/2024).

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• 101- Walruses

  An episode all about a suggested topic- the walrus! Let's explore how one species used to many, and the challenges the sole surviving species faces in the modern day... Sources for this episode: TBA

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• 100- Germ Theory and Spontaneous Generation

  WE DID IT! 100 episodes. It feels crazy to say that the beginning of Biopedia in late 2020 is four and a half years ago when this episode comes out. Thank you all so much for listening and I look forward to many more episodes to come! To celebrate our milestone, we are discussing a milestone in biology- as voted for by you the community over on YouTube. Get ready for an outmoded theory about how bacteria emerge on food and huge names such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch! Sources for this episode: Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Sattley, W. M. and Stahl, D. A. (2019), Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th edition). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Pasteur, L. (1881), On the Germ Theory. Science os-2(62): 420-422.

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• 99- The Laws of Thermodynamics in Evolution

  Don't worry, you have not in fact stumbled onto a physics podcast. However, the Laws of Thermodynamics do have a rather significant connection to evolutionary biology. This is because, at first glance, they appear to lead to a rather startling conclusion- life should not be able to evolve at all... Sources for this episode: Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2007), Biochemistry (6th edition). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. Herron, J. C., and Freeman, S. (2015), Evolutionary Analysis. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd. Masanes, L. and Oppenheim, J. (2017), A general derivation and quantification of the third law of thermodynamics. Nature Communications 8: 14538. Ritchie, R. and Ghent, D. (2015), A Level Chemistry for OCR A. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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• 98- Cryptic Species

  Quick correction: I call the episode on sibling species episode 37 in the audio, but it's actually episode 47! Way back in the early days of Biopedia, we discussed the concept of sibling species. Now, we're talking about cryptic species. Are these the same concept? Well, as we will see today, it's complicated... Sources for this episode: Allaby, M. (editor) (2020), Oxford Dictionary of Zoology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bickford, D., Lohman, D. J., Sodhi, N. S., Ng, P. K. L., Meier, R., Winker, K., Ingram, K. K. and Das, I. (2007), Cryptic species as a window on diversity and conservation. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution 22(3): 148-155. Herron, J. C., and Freeman, S. (2015), Evolutionary Analysis. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd. Hine, R. (2019), A Dictionary of Biology (Oxford Quick Reference), 8th edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Species complex (online) (Accessed 25/07/2024).

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