Composers Datebook

• Kern's 'Show Boat' is launched in D.C.

  SynopsisToday’s date marks the anniversary of the first performance of Jerome Kern’s Show Boat, produced in 1927 at the National Theater in Washington, D.C. by Florenz Ziegfeld.Show Boat’s book and lyrics were by Oscar Hammerstein II, adapted from Edna Ferber’s novel, which had been published only the year before. It was a most unusual story for a musical, and dealt frankly with alcoholism and interracial marriage. Mixing tragic and comic elements was something simply unheard of in American musical theater of that time.Ziegfeld’s secretary recalled that before the Washington premiere, he fretted that audiences would be disappointed that the girls on stage were wearing much too much clothing for a typical Ziegfeld show. There was little or no applause following the November 15 premiere, and he assumed that Show Boat was a flop. But the Washington audiences were simply too stunned to react.When Ziegfeld’s secretary told his boss that there were long lines waiting to buy tickets for subsequent performances, at first he didn’t believe it. But by the time Show Boat opened on Broadway the following month, even the great Ziegfeld knew he had a hit on his hands — and one based on great music and a powerful book, with nary a scantily-glad show girl in sight!Music Played in Today's ProgramJerome Kern (1885-1945): Selections from Show Boat; Royal Liverpool Philharmonic; Carl Davis, conductor; EMI 4573

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• An important date for Copland and Bernstein

  SynopsisIf ever there was a red-letter day in American music, November 14 must surely be it. For starters, it’s the birthday of Aaron Copland, who was born in New York City on today’s date in 1900 — and then there’s all that happened on November 14 in the life of Leonard Bernstein.Here’s how Bernstein explained it: “I never forget a Copland birthday. Two of the most important events of my life happened on November 14 — the first in 1937 when Aaron and I met for the first time … Now, I worried and complained terrifically back then and always took my troubles to Aaron, who would tell me to ’stop whining.’ He seemed to have such complete confidence in me that he didn’t show a bit of surprise when on Sunday, November 14, 1943, I made a dramatic success by filling in for the ailing Bruno Walter and conducting the New York Philharmonic. All Aaron’s predications came true — and on his birthday!”As if that weren’t enough, in 1954, again on Copland’s birthday, Bernstein made his TV debut presenting Beethoven’s draft sketches for the opening of his Symphony No. 5. It proved a smash success — and led to Bernstein’s televised Young Person’s Concerts that brought classical music to millions of Americans coast to coast.Music Played in Today's ProgramAaron Copland (1900-1990): Piano Blues No. 3; James Tocco, piano; MPR 201

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• Casals and Copland at the White House

  SynopsisOn this date in 1961, cellist Pablo Casals gave a chamber concert at the White House, at the invitation of President John F. Kennedy. The concert was given in honor of Governor Luis Muñoz of Puerto Rico, the home of Pablo Casals. Casals played works of Mendelssohn, Schumann and Couperin, with his own composition, Song of the Birds, as an encore.While eminent guests raved over the performance, the cellist’s laconic comment was simply, “It went well.” Casals could afford to be blasé. After all, he had played at the White House before — for President Teddy Roosevelt back in 1904!Aaron Copland was also invited to the November 13th White House concert in 1961. In a diary entry, he noted: “Pierre Salinger and Senator Mike Mansfield were at our table. President Kennedy was in full view the entire time… I was surprised at his reddish-brown hair. No evil in the face, but plenty of ambition there, no doubt. Mrs. K. statuesque … After dinner we were treated to a concert by Pablo Casals. No American music. The next step.”That “next step” came the following spring. In May of 1962, the Kennedys presented Copland’s ballet Billy the Kid at the White House for the visiting president of the Ivory Coast Republic, with Copland as guest of honor.Music Played in Today's ProgramPablo Casals (1876-1973): Song of the Birds; Patrick Demenga, cello; Gerard Wyss, piano; Novalis 150117Aaron Copland (1900-1990): Billy the Kid Ballet; Dallas Symphony; Eduardo Mata, conductor; Dorian 90170

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• William Schuman writes a 'Symphony for Strings'

  SynopsisOn today’s date in 1943, the Boston Symphony and conductor Serge Koussevitzky gave the first performance of a Symphony for Strings by American composer William Schuman.Schuman was 33 at the time, but Koussevitzky had already been programming and commissioning his music for about five years. Koussevitzky had already given the premiere performances of his popular American Festival Overture and Symphony No. 3.Schuman’s Symphony for Strings is dedicated to the memory of Koussevitzky’s wife, Natalie, whose family fortune had enabled Koussevitzky to establish himself as a conductor, found a publishing house, and commission many of the 20th century’s most significant works, including Stravinsky’s Symphony of Psalms and Bartok’s Concerto for Orchestra.In Russia, the Koussevitzkys championed Russian music. In France, they supported French composers. And, beginning in 1924, when Koussevitzky became the music director of the Boston Symphony, many American composers benefited from this remarkable couple’s enthusiasm for new music. Symphony for Strings is just one of a long list of the Koussevitzky’s American commissions, which includes works by Aaron Copland, Roy Harris, Samuel Barber, Walter Piston and Leonard Bernstein.Taken as a whole, the concert music commissioned by Serge and Natalie Koussevitzky remains one of the most remarkable musical legacies of the 20th century.Music Played in Today's ProgramWilliam Schuman (1910-1992): Symphony No. 5 (Symphony for Strings); I Musici de Montreal; Yuli Turovsky, conductor; Chandos 9848

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• Hannibal Lokumbe's 'African Portraits'

  SynopsisAt Carnegie Hall in New York City on today’s date in 1990, a new work by American composer and jazz trumpeter Hannibal Lokumbe had its premiere performance by the American Composers Orchestra. November 11 also happens to be the birthday of its composer, who was born Marvin Peterson, in Smithville, Texas, in 1948, but now goes by the name Hannibal.The new work was an oratorio, African Portraits, which traces the story of slavery in America and Black culture’s contributions to American music. It’s scored for orchestra, jazz quartet, blues guitar, chorus, gospel singer, plus African storyteller and African instruments. In composing this work, which in Biblical terms he calls his personal “burning bush,” Hannibal drew inspiration from a variety of sources, ranging from the spirituals he listened to while working in the cotton fields of Texas to the drums of the Masai people in Africa, with whom he lived for a time.A critic for the Washington Post described the work as follows:“The dramatic power conveyed by Portraits is cumulative. It’s derived from the drums and the chants, the procession of blues, jazz and gospel refrains, the symphonic sweep and narrative form, the great compression of time, anguish and triumph. It's a listening experience you’ll not soon forget.”Music Played in Today's ProgramHannibal Lokumbe (b. 1948): African Portar; Chicago Symphony Orchestra; Daniel Barenboim; Teldec 81792

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