Mano a Mano: U.S. & Puerto Rico, Journey Toward A More Perfect Union

As 2025 draws to a close, we're taking a look back at one of the most consequential years in Puerto Rico's modern history. This special season recap episode of the Mano a Mano podcast brings together the most powerful moments from conversations with leading experts who've helped illuminate the interconnected challenges facing Puerto Rico and why these issues matter for all Americans.
Host George Laws Garcia, Executive Director of the Puerto Rico Statehood Council, revisits compelling discussions that reveal how Puerto Rico's territorial status isn't just a local issue, it's deeply connected to American democracy, economic policy, healthcare equity, national security, and the fundamental question of whether the United States will live up to its founding principles for all its citizens.
This year brought seismic shifts: the Trump administration's unprecedented firing of six Financial Oversight Board members with a single executive action, demonstrating the absolute power the federal government holds over 3.2 million U.S. citizens in Puerto Rico. We saw a $10,000 per-person federal healthcare funding gap that threatens medical access for 1.5 million Puerto Ricans. An ongoing energy crisis that continues blocking billions in disaster recovery funds. And a massive military buildup in the Caribbean as America pivots to confront threats from China, Russia, and Venezuela—all while Puerto Ricans serve without federal voting rights.
Through expert analysis and personal insights, this recap connects the dots between constitutional law, fiscal policy, healthcare inequality, energy infrastructure, and geopolitical strategy. These aren't abstract political debates—they're about real people, real challenges, and the urgent need for real solutions through citizen equality and federal legislation.
Featured Experts in This Episode:
Professor Christina Ponsa-Kraus (Columbia Law School) - On the democratic deficit exposed by the Oversight Board crisis and why territorial "autonomy" is a colonial trap
Luis Pizarro (Former President, Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce) - Breaking down the $10,000 healthcare funding gap between Puerto Rico and states
Thomas King (Energy Policy Expert) - Explaining 40 years of energy mismanagement and why bankruptcy blocks reconstruction
Retired Brigadier General Victor Paris (36 years in Puerto Rico National Guard) - On the unprecedented Caribbean military deployment and Puerto Rico's strategic importance
Simon Carlo Valentín (Tax Attorney & CPA) - How the MEDS Act could reshore manufacturing while creating jobs across distressed communities
Gabriela Boffelli (Senior Advisor to Governor Jennifer González-Colón) - The administration's priorities for hurricane preparedness, infrastructure deployment, and economic development
The Path Forward:
Recognition isn't enough. We need action. This movement has grown throughout 2025, with more Americans—both on the island and stateside—recognizing that the current territorial status is unsustainable and unjust. But real change requires citizen engagement, federal legislation, and a collective commitment to making America live up to its founding promise of government by consent of the governed.


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Why do 35,000 Puerto Rican service members fight for a democracy they can't fully participate in? In this powerful episode of the Mano a Mano podcast, host George Laws Garcia sits down with Brigadier General Victor Perez —a 36-year military veteran who rose from enlisted soldier to general in the Puerto Rico National Guard—to discuss the contradiction of military service without voting rights.
General Perez shares his decades of experience advocating in Congress for Puerto Rican veterans and statehood, explaining why 250,000 Puerto Ricans have served throughout U.S. history—earning 9 Medals of Honor and the Congressional Gold Medal for the 65th Infantry Regiment—yet still cannot vote for their Commander-in-Chief or Congressional representatives when living on the island.
This conversation takes on new urgency as the U.S. deploys significant military forces to Puerto Rico and the Caribbean in response to drug trafficking, Venezuelan instability, and growing Chinese and Russian influence in the region. General Perez provides firsthand insight into why Puerto Rico's strategic location makes it indispensable to U.S. national security—and why statehood would benefit both Puerto Rico's 3.2 million citizens and America's geopolitical interests.
In this episode:
Why 35,000 Puerto Rican service members serve without voting representation
Puerto Rico's military contributions: 9 Medal of Honor recipients & 250,000+ veterans
The current U.S. military buildup in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean
Chinese and Russian influence in Latin America and why it matters
How Puerto Rico's strategic location factors into U.S. defense strategy
Why the territorial status creates inequality for veterans and their families
How statehood would secure democracy and economic opportunity for future generations
What Puerto Ricans on the island think about increased military presence
Personal stories of veteran advocates who've lobbied Congress for decades
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction & Veterans Day Tribute 
03:45 Puerto Rico's Military Service Record: 250,000+ Veterans 
06:15 Serving Without Representation: The Democratic Deficit 
12:35 Veteran Advocates: Stories of Sacrifice and Persistence 
18:25 What Statehood Would Mean for Future Generations 
23:30 Economic Inequality: Territory vs. State Status 
29:10 The Fiscal Oversight Board and Colonial Control 
33:20 Current Caribbean Military Deployment Explained 
40:15 Chinese & Russian Influence in Latin America 
45:50 Venezuela Crisis and U.S. Strategic Response 
51:40 Why Puerto Rico is Key to Western Hemisphere Security 
56:25 How Puerto Ricans View Military Presence on the Island 
01:02:10 Advice for Statehood Advocates: Never Quit 
01:08:45 Conclusion & Call to Action
🔔 Subscribe for conversations about Puerto Rico's path to equality and democracy through statehood.
#PuertoRico #Veterans #MilitaryService #PuertoRicoStatehood #VotingRights #NationalSecurity #Caribbean #VenezuelaCrisis #ChinaInfluence #ManoAManoPodcast #BrigadierGeneral #VeteransRights #Democracy #Equality #CongressionalRepresentation


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Why does Puerto Rico's healthcare system face constant funding shortfalls despite serving U.S. citizens? In this episode of the Mano a Mano podcast, host George Laws Garcia sits down with healthcare policy expert Luis E. Pizarro Otero, Esq., to unpack the structural inequalities that have created a healthcare crisis in Puerto Rico.
Luis, who has spent over 15 years advocating for Puerto Rico healthcare policy in Washington, D.C., shares his firsthand experience witnessing how territorial status creates a two-tiered system where Puerto Ricans receive less federal Medicaid and Medicare support than any U.S. state. We explore how the Affordable Care Act improved but didn't fully solve Puerto Rico's healthcare funding gap, why hospitals are closing across the island, and how this drives medical migration to the mainland.
This conversation reveals the real-world consequences of Puerto Rico's unequal treatment under federal programs—from the Medicaid cliff and Medicare payment disparities to the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector that supplies 50% of America's top medications while facing its own healthcare shortages. The episode sheds light on how achieving statehood would fundamentally transform Puerto Rico's healthcare landscape by guaranteeing equal federal funding formulas and ending the cycle of temporary funding patches.
In this episode:
How Puerto Rico's Medicaid funding compares to states (55% vs. 83% federal match)
The Affordable Care Act's temporary fix and the ongoing funding cliff
Why Puerto Rico hospitals are closing despite serving U.S. citizens
Medicare Advantage disparities and healthcare provider challenges
How territorial status affects pharmaceutical manufacturing in Puerto Rico
The medical migration crisis: providers and patients fleeing to the mainland
Private insurance challenges and workforce healthcare access
Why statehood would end healthcare inequality through permanent federal parity
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction: Luis Pizarro's Healthcare Advocacy Journey
03:45 The Medicaid Funding Gap: 55% vs. 83% Federal Match
07:30 How the Affordable Care Act Changed Puerto Rico Healthcare
12:45 The Medicaid Cliff and Temporary Funding Patches
18:20 Hospital Closures and Healthcare System Contraction
23:30 Medicare Payment Disparities for Puerto Rico Providers
28:15 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Puerto Rico's Critical Role
33:40 The Medical Migration Crisis: Providers Leaving for Mainland
38:50 Healthcare Workforce Shortages and Economic Impact
44:20 Congressional Attitudes: From Low IQ to Growing Understanding
48:30 Private Health Insurance Challenges in Puerto Rico
53:00 The Private Patient Paradox: Last in Line for Care
56:30 Why Statehood Provides the Permanent Healthcare Solution
🔔 Subscribe for weekly deep dives into how Puerto Rico's territorial status affects real policy issues.
Guest Bio: Luis E. Pizarro Otero, Esq., is a healthcare policy expert who has advocated for Puerto Rico healthcare equity in Washington, D.C. for over 15 years. He previously served as President of the Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce and has worked extensively with the Puerto Rico Medicaid and Medicare Advantage Products Association (MMAPA) on federal healthcare policy.
#PuertoRico #Healthcare #Medicaid #Medicare #LuisPizarro #ManoAManoPodcast #PuertoRicoStatehood #HealthcareInequality #AffordableCareAct #HospitalClosures #MedicalMigration #TerritorialStatus #HealthcarePolicy #FederalEquity


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As the federal government faces another potential shutdown, what does this mean for Puerto Rico's 14,000 federal employees and essential services? In this episode of the Mano a Mano podcast, hosts George Laws Garcia and Martin Rivera analyze the ongoing federal government funding fight, escalating military tensions with Venezuela, updates on the island’s Financial Oversight & Management Board (FOMB), and the unprecedented economic impact of Bad Bunny's record-breaking residency.
They discuss President Trump's controversial dismissal of Puerto Rico's FOMB members and the resulting legal challenges, the strategic military buildup on the island in response to Venezuelan narco-trafficking operations, and how Bad Bunny's 30-show residency generated over $713 million for Puerto Rico's economy while sparking fresh debate about the island's political status.
In this episode:
Government shutdown deadline: What's at stake for Puerto Rico's federal workers?
U.S. military strikes off Venezuela's coast and Puerto Rico's strategic role
Military buildup in Puerto Rico: Roosevelt Roads and Ramey Air Force Base reactivation
Island public opinion polls showing 70-88% support for U.S. military presence
President Trump fires six of seven FOMB members
Legal challenges to FOMB member dismissals and constitutional questions
Bad Bunny's residency: 600,000 attendees and $713 million economic impact
Political status debate: Artist advocacy vs. voter preferences
Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction & Episode Overview
00:38 Government Funding Crisis: Seven Days to Shutdown
02:30 House and Senate Proposals: What's the Difference?
03:30 U.S. Military Action Against Venezuelan Drug Boats
05:00 Puerto Rico's Strategic Value in Caribbean Security
06:15 Military Buildup: Pre-Positioning Assets on the Island
07:05 Island Leadership Response to Military Presence
08:20 Public Polling: Strong Support for Military Facilities
09:35 National Security Importance of Puerto Rico
10:20 Financial Oversight & Management Board Crisis Explained
12:02 Presidential Appointment Process Under PROMESA
12:35 Legal Challenges by Fired Board Members
14:10 Impact on Energy Grid Restructuring and PREPA Debt
15:00 First Balanced Budget Achievement
15:45 Bad Bunny Residency: Record-Breaking Economic Impact
16:40 Tourism Statistics and Global Reach
18:16 Bad Bunny's Political Stance on Statehood
19:30 Democracy Through the Ballot Box vs. Celebrity Opinion
20:10 Conclusion & Call to Action
🔔 Subscribe for weekly analysis of Puerto Rico's political, economic, and cultural developments.
#PuertoRico #GovernmentShutdown #Venezuela #MilitarySecurity #FOMB # LaJunta #BadBunny #PuertoRicoEconomy #ManoAManoPodcast #PuertoRicoStatehood #Tourism #NationalSecurity #CaribbeanSecurity


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Has Puerto Rico been trapped in a colonial status under the guise of  local "autonomy"? Why is Puerto Rico still called a "Commonwealth" when it's actually a U.S. territory under colonial rule? In this episode of the Mano a Mano podcast, host George Laws Garcia sits down with Columbia Law Professor Christina Ponsa-Kraus to explore both the constitutional reality of Puerto Rico's status and the fascinating history of Puerto Rican autonomism that today's politicians have completely misrepresented.
Professor Ponsa-Kraus, who helped draft the Puerto Rico Status Act that passed the House in 2022, reveals how self-proclaimed "autonomist" politicians like Resident Commissioner Pablo José Hernández have misinterpreted 19th-century ideology end ended up promoting the exact opposite of what the original autonomists wanted. We explore how some of the autonomist leaders - like Federico Degetau González and José Celso Barbosa - actually embraced American statehood as the fulfillment of their goals for genuine self-government, not as a threat to Puerto Rican identity.
This deep-dive conversation exposes how "Commonwealth" is essentially a misleading label for what is legally a territory subject to Congress's absolute plenary power, while tracing the historical roots of autonomism back to Spanish colonial rule and revealing why early autonomists saw American federalism as "maximum decentralization within national unity." We weave history, constitutional law, and current politics to highlight a compelling vision of how Puerto Rico and the U.S. can exit the trap of territorial colonialism, and open a new chapter of our relationship based on mutual respect, self-determination and shared democratic values.  
In this episode:
The true history of Puerto Rican autonomism and why many of its leaders originally supported statehood
Why Puerto Rico's "Commonwealth" status is still territorial colonialism under constitutional law
How today's "autonomist" politicians have misappropriated historical terminology
The difference between real autonomy (statehood/independence) and fake autonomy (commonwealth)
How Congress's plenary power keeps Puerto Rico subordinate and powerless
Why the Puerto Rico Status Act excluded the current territory status from decolonization options
The recent firing of Fiscal Oversight Board members and what it reveals about democratic deficits
How statehood would actually protect Puerto Rican culture through political empowerment
Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction & Christina's Constitutional Law Expertise 06:30 Why Puerto Rico is Missing from American Education 12:45 The Puerto Rico Status Act & Congressional Collaboration Process 22:15 What is Puerto Rico's "Commonwealth" Status Really? 31:20 Why Commonwealth Was Excluded from Decolonization Options 40:19 The Real History of 19th Century Puerto Rican Autonomism 44:08 How Historical Autonomists Embraced American Statehood 48:20 Modern "Autonomism" vs. Historical Autonomist Goals 52:30 The Fiscal Oversight Board Crisis & Democratic Deficits 56:37 Why Statehood Provides Better Autonomy Than "Commonwealth" 01:03:24 Cultural Preservation Through Political Empowerment 01:08:45 Debunking the "Loss of Culture" Myth 01:10:29 Recommendations for Advancing Puerto Rico Statehood
🔔 Subscribe for more deep dives into Puerto Rico's true history and path to equality.
👉 Read Prof. Christina Ponsa-Kraus’s chapter, “When Statehood Was Autonomy,” in Reconsidering the Insular Cases(Harvard University Press / Harvard Law School Human Rights Program).
Read the chapter here: https://www.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/2020-09/When%20Statehood%20Was%20Autonomy_0.pdf
#PuertoRico #Autonomism #PuertoRicoStatehood #ChristinaPonsaKraus #ManoaManoPodcast #PuertoRicanHistory #Decolonization #Commonwealth #ConstitutionalLaw #PabloJoseHernandez #Colony #Territory #PlenaryPower


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