The World According to Boyar

The Carlyle co-founder on his two new books, the business of sports, and the only realistic way he sees out of the national debt 
David Rubenstein, co-founder of the Carlyle Group and owner of the Baltimore Orioles, returns to talk about his two new books, Inside the Owner's Box and Speaking of America. We cover why private equity is buying into sports teams and insurance companies, the only realistic way he sees out of $40 trillion of debt, and how close the country came to nuclear war in October 1962. 
Show notes:
David Rubenstein's Bloomberg interview show is a big reason I started this podcast, and he was one of my early guests, back in 2020. A lot has happened since. He bought his hometown Baltimore Orioles, and in June he was married at the Supreme Court, with Chief Justice John Roberts officiating. He's back with two new books: Inside the Owner's Box, his conversations with the people who own America's biggest teams, and Speaking of America, the best of the conversations he hosts at the Library of Congress for members of both parties. 
We started in Washington. I asked whether there is any way out of $40 trillion of debt. He walked through the options (raise taxes, cut spending, default, go to the IMF, appoint a commission) and why none of them will happen, then landed on the only one he thinks is realistic: "we're going to pay off the debt in devalued dollars." He explained why a 1983-style grand bargain is out of reach ("bipartisanship is seen by people on the left and the right as dealing with the enemy"), whether the Treasury should have sold 100-year bonds when rates were near zero, and whether AI can help us grow our way out. I had just read Bill Cohan's book on Apollo, so I asked about private equity firms owning insurance companies, and why Carlyle owns only a minority of its own. He gave me a candid answer. 
On sports, we talk about why Bob Kraft says he will never sell the Patriots, why smart investors pay up for a minority stake in a team they don't control, and why private equity firms are now buying into NFL teams. He admits he turned down a chance to invest in the Washington Commanders at a $6 billion valuation, a team he says is probably worth double that today: "I made a mistake, which I often do." He also thinks a college program like Duke basketball could one day have private owners. 
The second half is about Speaking of America: why he started bringing Republicans and Democrats together for dinner in the Great Hall, why he thinks money is the biggest reason Washington is so divided (and why he doesn't make political contributions himself), and how close we came to nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He remembers it well. His teacher told the class there would be no homework that night because "I don't think we'll be here tomorrow." We also get to Arthur Brooks on whether money buys happiness ("I know a lot of tortured billionaires"), whether the country has ever been this divided, and the one thing he says you need before you buy a sports team.

Buy the books:
Inside the Owner's Box: Conversations on Power and Leadership in Sports (Simon & Schuster, 2026)
Speaking of America: Great Conversations at the Library of Congress (Duke University Press, with the Library of Congress, 2026): 

What we cover:
Getting married at the Supreme Court, with the Chief Justice officiating 
Why he thinks we'll pay off $40 trillion of debt in cheaper dollars, and what that could mean for the dollar 
Why a 1983-style grand bargain can't happen in today's Washington 
Should the Treasury have sold 100-year bonds when rates were near zero? 
Can AI help us grow our way out of the debt, or is AI overvalued? 
Private equity's push into annuities and insurance, what a recession could do to it, and why Carlyle owns only a minority of its insurer 
Bob Kraft, the Patriots, and why owners rarely sell 
Why anyone buys a minority stake in a team they don't control 
Why private equity is buying into NFL teams, and the Commanders deal he passed on 
Could Duke basketball or Alabama football one day have private owners? 
The Library of Congress dinners where Republicans and Democrats sit together, and why there's "hardly any legislation anymore" 
Why money, more than primaries, drives the divide in Washington 
The Cuban Missile Crisis: the Soviet submarine vote and the nuclear weapons left behind in Cuba 
Has the country ever been this divided? The Civil War, the years before World War II, and Vietnam 
About the guest:
David M. Rubenstein is co-founder and co-chairman of the Carlyle Group, one of the world's largest private investment firms, and chairman and CEO of the Baltimore Orioles. He is chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, the National Gallery of Art, the University of Chicago and the Economic Club of Washington, and hosts interview programs on Bloomberg Television and PBS. An original signer of the Giving Pledge, he is known for what he calls patriotic philanthropy, including long-term loans to the government of rare copies of the Magna Carta, the Declaration of Independence and the Emancipation Proclamation. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2025. His books include How to Lead, The American Experiment, How to Invest, The Highest Calling, and, this fall, Inside the Owner's Box and Speaking of America. 

Links 
Inside the Owner's Box 
Speaking of America
The Carlyle Group
David's first appearance on The World According to Boyar (2020)
Boyar Research on Substack 
The Boyar Value Group: Uncovering Investment Opportunities Since 1975
Founded in 1975, The Boyar Value Group has spent more than five decades seeking to uncover undervalued opportunities in the stock market.
Through Boyar Research, we provide in-depth, independent research focused on businesses we believe are misunderstood, underfollowed, or trading at a meaningful discount to intrinsic value.
Our investment management business applies that same research-driven discipline to manage portfolios for both institutions and individuals, utilizing our private equity approach to stock market investing.
To learn more about The Boyar Value Group, please visit www.boyarvaluegroup.com.
Never miss another Boyar podcast, market insight, or other valuable content — subscribe to our Substack at boyarresearch.substack.com.

Disclosure
This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any security, or an offer to provide investment advisory services. The views expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Boyar Research or its affiliates. Boyar Research, its affiliates, employees, and accounts managed by its affiliates may own shares of companies mentioned in this episode. Our vi...

The editor in chief of Barron's on stock picks, the "Barron's bump," AI in the newsroom, and where Barron's is headed.
I've been reading Barron's for as long as I can remember, and our firm has been fortunate enough to be the subject of a few of its stories. But I had always wondered how a story is chosen, so I asked the person who chooses: Barron's editor in chief, Ben Levisohn. 

We go behind the scenes to find out how a cover story gets picked, where the ideas come from, whether clicks matter, and why Barron’s so rarely tells readers to short a stock. I also asked how it feels to move markets with the "Barron's bump," the jump a stock often gets on Monday morning after Barron's recommends it over the weekend. When I asked why stock picks so rarely come with position sizing, Ben said adding that kind of risk context to Barron's picks is on the table. 

Ben also explains how Barron’s uses AI, and why it won’t let AI write its stories. The reason isn’t  just about quality. It’s also about lawsuits and copyright.

We finish with where Barron's is headed: a community where readers can talk directly with reporters, and Ben's goal of making Barron's the first place anyone turns with an investing question, not just Wall Street and financial advisors. 

What we cover:
From preschool teacher and aspiring musician to proprietary trader in 1998, and the pivot to journalism that led him to the top job at Barron’s
How a Barron’s cover story gets chosen, and where the ideas come from
The sources he looked for as a reporter: no perma-bulls, no perma-bears, no spin
The “Barron’s bump,” when Barron’s tells readers to sell, and why short calls are so rare
Why Barron’s stock picks could start coming with risk context, and why a model portfolio is unlikely
Why an AI bust could look more like 2008 than the dot-com crash, and what worries him about private credit
How he uses AI to test reporters’ pitches, and the legal reasons AI doesn’t write Barron’s stories
Why Ben thinks AI won’t shrink the newsroom, but will force reporters to find the stories AI can’t

About the guest:
Ben Levisohn is the editor in chief of Barron's. He joined Barron's in 2012 as an emerging-markets writer, wrote the Streetwise and Trader columns for a decade, and served as deputy editor and senior managing editor; he led the 2025 launch of Barron's Investor Circle. Before Barron's, he covered markets for The Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg. Earlier, he spent more than seven years as an equities trader. He is a graduate of the University of Chicago and the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism.

Links:
Barron's: www.barrons.com 
Barron's Investor Circle: www.barrons.com/investor-circle
Boyar Research on Substack: https://boyarresearch.substack.com/

Disclosure:
This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any security, or an offer to provide investment advisory services. The views expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Boyar Research or its affiliates. Boyar Research, its affiliates, employees, and accounts managed by its affiliates may own shares of companies mentioned in this episode. Our views are subject to change at any time, and we are under no obligation to update listeners if our opinions or positions change. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Listeners should do their own research and consult with their own financial, tax, or legal advisors before making any investment decisions.

The Boyar Value Group: Uncovering Investment Opportunities Since 1975
Founded in 1975, The Boyar Value Group has spent more than five decades seeking to uncover undervalued opportunities in the stock market.
Through Boyar Research, we provide in-depth, independent research focused on businesses we believe are misunderstood, underfollowed, or trading at a meaningful discount to intrinsic value.
Our investment management business applies that same research-driven discipline to manage portfolios for both institutions and individuals, utilizing our private equity approach to stock market investing.
To learn more about The Boyar Value Group, please visit www.boyarvaluegroup.com.
Never miss another Boyar podcast, market insight, or other valuable content — subscribe to our Substack at boyarresearch.substack.com.

Disclosure
This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any security, or an offer to provide investment advisory services. The views expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Boyar Research or its affiliates. Boyar Research, its affiliates, employees, and accounts managed by its affiliates may own shares of companies mentioned in this episode. Our vi...

Bill Cohan, author of Money to Burn, on how Leon Black built Apollo out of the wreckage of Drexel Burnham and whether the annuity company at the heart of Apollo today could be at the center of the next financial crisis. 

Bill Cohan is one of my favorite business writers, and this is his second time on the show. His new book, Money to Burn, is the story of Leon Black and Apollo, and it covers a lot of ground: the big deals, the $158 million paid to Jeffrey Epstein, the fall from the top of the firm. What grabbed me was the origin story, so that is where we spend most of our time. 

Leon Black did not want to go to Wall Street. When he tried, Lehman Brothers turned him down after four rounds of interviews and told him, in Bill's telling, "we don't think you're smart enough." To say they were wrong is a dramatic understatement. He went to Drexel Burnham instead, became the fastest partner in the firm's history, and invented the highly confident letter, a piece of paper with no legal force that let corporate raiders bid for companies they could not afford. When Drexel collapsed in February 1990, Black took the best people he could corral, got a French state-owned bank to put up $800 million, and started buying, at a steep discount, the very bonds Drexel had sold at par. Bill explains why that was the edge: "They knew the credits because they had basically sold all that debt at par to investors." The Executive Life deal, a $6 billion junk-bond portfolio bought for about $3 billion, made Apollo, and it also produced a scandal that led to indictments, a huge fine, and sealed records that Bill still couldn’t get his hands on. We talk about what Leon knew.

The second half is about Athene, the annuity company Marc Rowan backed with a $16 million check and that now sits at the center of Apollo. Bill walks through how it works in plain English: take retirees' savings, promise them 5 or 6 percent, lock the money up for seven to ten years, and invest it in loans that yield more. I asked whether that is different from what the banks were doing with mortgage-backed securities before 2008. His answer: "That's right, Jonathan. That's why, you know, to some extent, some people, including me to a certain extent, think that this is deja vu all over again." We get into what happens if Marc is wrong, why Bill does not think it is a Bear or Lehman moment, and the Medallia deal, which he calls a canary in the coal mine for private credit .

We close with Epstein, the lawsuits (the women who sued him are "O for 3," in Bill's phrase, and Leon has prevailed), and the question I always ask about a career like this: what will the first two paragraphs of the obituary say? 
Buy the book: Money to Burn: The Unvarnished Truth About Leon Black, Apollo, and the Rise of a New Wall Street (Portfolio, 2026). Amazon I Bookshop I Barnes & Noble 

What we cover:
 
• Why the book opens with Eli Black (Leon's father), an Orthodox rabbi turned corporate raider, jumping through a window of the Pan Am Building
• The Lehman rejection: "we don't think you're smart enough," and how wrong that was
• What Drexel Burnham was, for listeners too young to remember, and why Milken
"put the fear of God into corporations"
• The highly confident letter: "smoke and mirrors, but it was highly effective," and raiders paid real money for it
• Why Mike Milken would not talk to Bill, and why his indictment cannot be found on the internet
• Milken's $550 million year, and what Wall Street would look like if Drexel had survived to 2008
• The inside advantage: buying bonds Drexel had sold at par, now trading at 30 or 50 cents
• Gillett Holdings and Vail: taking over a company Leon had advised to be built
• Executive Life: a $6 billion junk-bond portfolio for 50 cents on the dollar
• The Credit Lyonnais shell companies, the indictments, and the question of what Leon knew
• Marc Rowan, the $16 million that bought Athene, and why he put it on Apollo's balance sheet instead of in a fund
• How an annuity company turns into a private credit machine, and why it is "not that much different than a bank"
• "What if Marc's wrong?" and whether this could be a Bear or Lehman moment
• Epstein, the $158 million, three lawsuits, and the first two paragraphs of Leon Black's legacy

About the guest:
William D. Cohan is a founding partner of Puck, where he writes about Wall Street, and a former investment banker who spent 17 years at Lazard Frères, Merrill Lynch and JPMorgan Chase. He is the author of eight books, including The Last Tycoons (Lazard), House of Cards (Bear Stearns), Money and Power (Goldman Sachs) and Power Failure (GE), which he discussed on his first appearance on this show. His latest, Money to Burn: The Unvarnished Truth About Leon Black, Apollo, and the Rise of a New Wall Street, was published by Portfolio in September 2026.

Links:
Money to Burn: Amazon | Bookshop 
Bill Cohan at Puck: https://puck.news 
Bill Cohan on X: @WilliamCohan 
Bill’s first appearance on The World According to Boyar
Boyar Research on Substack: https://boyarresearch.substack.com

Memorable moments:
“He said, well, basically, we don’t think you’re smart enough and we don’t think you have the personality and what it takes to be an investment banker. He was wrong.” (6:04, Cohan; the last two words are Jonathan’s)
“They knew the credits because they had basically sold all that debt at par to investors and now was trading at 30 cents or 50 cents or whatever.” (21:51, Cohan)
“So it’s all a confidence game, Jonathan. Nothing has really changed other than so far, it’s working and so far, he’s meeting his obligations and so far, the confidence remains and so far, we haven’t had a credit crunch since 2008.” (about 43:10, Cohan)

Disclosure:
This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any security, or an offer to provide investment advisory services. The views expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Boyar Research or its affiliates. Boyar Research, its affiliates, employees, and accounts managed by its affiliates may own shares of companies mentioned in this episode. Our views are subject to change at any time, and we are under no obligation to update listeners if our opinions or positions change. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Listeners should do their own research and consult with their own financial, tax, or legal advisors before making any investment decisions.
The Boyar Value Group: Uncovering Investment Opportunities Since 1975
Founded in 1975, The Boyar Value Group has spent more than five decades seeking to uncover undervalued opportunities in the stock market.
Through Boyar Research, we provide in-depth, independent research focused on businesses we believe are misunderstood, underfollowed, or trading at a meaningful discount to intrinsic value.
Our investment management business applies that same research-driven discipline to manage portfolios for both institutions and individuals, utilizing our private equity approach to stock market investing.
To learn more about The Boyar Value Group, please visit www.boyarvaluegroup.com.
Never miss another Boyar podcast, market insight, or other valuable content — subscribe to our Substack at boyarresearch.substack.com.

Disclosure
This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any security, or an offer to provide investment advisory services. The views expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Boyar Research or its affiliates. Boyar Research, its affiliates, employees, and accounts managed by its affiliates may own shares of companies mentioned in this episode. Our vi...

Microcap investing is one of the last inefficient corners of the stock market, and Ian Cassel has spent 25 years in it. On this episode of The World According to Boyar, Jonathan Boyar talks with the founder of MicroCapClub, portfolio manager at Intelligent Fanatics Capital Management, and author of Stock Picker about why the big institutions can't own these stocks, why most microcaps have to be sold within three years even when they work, and what it actually costs a small company to be public (less than the headlines say). Ian walks through a stock he bought after a fat-finger seller dumped 5% of the company in a day,  and the 76 stock-promotion mailers he tracked in a spreadsheet. He explains what he looks for in a microcap CEO, why a CEO who owns 20% of the company can still be the problem, and the story of the Judas goat, which is about how not to build a reputation as a stock picker. And Jonathan asks him whether he'd ever take MicroCapClub public. The answer is short.

Key Points From This Episode 
Why microcap investing differs from investing in mid- and large-cap companies.
The structural inefficiencies Ian believes create opportunities for smaller investors.
Why Ian views microcaps as particularly suited to investors willing to conduct their own research and form independent conviction.
The role profitability plays when Ian evaluates microcap companies.
Why small, profitable businesses might choose to enter the public markets.
How the research process for microcaps differs from larger cap companies.
Why management quality becomes increasingly important as companies get smaller.
How Ian looks for repeat winners and management teams that have previously demonstrated entrepreneurial success.
Why management changes can provide opportunities to identify potential turnaround situations.
Why Ian's intention is to hold investments forever, but the fragility of small businesses often makes that difficult.
The concentration risks that can make microcap businesses more vulnerable.
Why some microcap companies experience only a "season of winning."
The importance of knowing when to sell and accepting portfolio turnover.
Why Ian looks for companies that dominate niche markets and can expand into adjacent opportunities.Ian's investment in IHC and what attracted him to the company.
Lessons from Ian's investment in disaster-remediation company lnfrasource Holdings around Hurricane Katrina.
How and why Ian founded MicroCapClub as a private community for experienced microcap investors.
The evolution of MicroCapClub from an idea-generation resource into a global microcap investing community.Ian's acquisition of Planet MicroCap and his ambitions for its investor events.
The story of the "Judas goat" and its lesson for aspiring stock pickers.
Warning signs for investors entering the microcap market and Ian's experience tracking promotional stock reports.
Why Ian suggests new microcap investors focus on profitable businesses. Ian's perspective on insider ownership and why he does not use a specific ownership threshold.
Links:

To find out more about the Boyar Value Group, please visit www.boyarvaluegroup.com 
To learn more about Ian Cassell and MicroCapClub, please visit microcapclub.com
Ian Cassell's book, Stock Picker, is available on Amazon and wherever books are sold. 

Important Disclosures:
 
The information herein is provided by Boyar's Intrinsic Value Research LLC ("Boyar Research") and: (a) is for general, informational purposes only; (b) is not tailored to the specific investment needs of any specific person or entity; and ( c) should not be construed as investment advice. 
http://www.boyarvaluegroup.com 
Boyar Research does not offer investment advisory services and is not an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or any other regulatory body. Any opinions expressed herein represent current opinions of Boyar Research only, and no representation is made with respect to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the information herein. Boyar Research assumes no obligation to update or revise such information. 
In addition, certain information herein has been provided by and/or is based on third party sources, and, although Boyar Research believes this information to be reliable, Boyar Research has not independently verified such information and is not responsible for third-party errors. You should not assume that any investment discussed herein will be profitable or that any investment decisions in the future will be profitable. Investing in securities involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Important Information: Past performance does not guarantee future results. 
The Boyar Value Group: Uncovering Investment Opportunities Since 1975
Founded in 1975, The Boyar Value Group has spent more than five decades seeking to uncover undervalued opportunities in the stock market.
Through Boyar Research, we provide in-depth, independent research focused on businesses we believe are misunderstood, underfollowed, or trading at a meaningful discount to intrinsic value.
Our investment management business applies that same research-driven discipline to manage portfolios for both institutions and individuals, utilizing our private equity approach to stock market investing.
To learn more about The Boyar Value Group, please visit www.boyarvaluegroup.com.
Never miss another Boyar podcast, market insight, or other valuable content — subscribe to our Substack at boyarresearch.substack.com.

Disclosure
This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any security, or an offer to provide investment advisory services. The views expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Boyar Research or its affiliates. Boyar Research, its affiliates, employees, and accounts managed by its affiliates may own shares of companies mentioned in this episode. Our vi...

Chris Mayer, author of 100 Baggers and The Investor's Odyssey, on what three years on a public company board taught him, how he uses AI as a junior analyst, and what he actually does when a position gets cut in half. Stick around after the goodbye, where we talk stocks unfiltered.

Chris Mayer was the very first guest on The World According to Boyar back in 2018. Eight years later he's back, and he brought a new book with him. Chris runs Woodlock House Family Capital, wrote 100 Baggers, one of my favorite investing books, and just published The Investor's Odyssey, which uses Homer's story of Odysseus tying himself to the mast as a way of thinking about how investors protect themselves from their own worst instincts.
This one covers a lot of ground. Chris explains why he now starts many positions at 2% and lets them earn their way to a full weighting, why he cut most financial media out of his life, and why he believes the return you get on a stock varies inversely with the thickness of the research file. We spend a good chunk of time on Constellation Software, and I asked him what he'd need to see to actually sell it. He of course gave a thoughtful answer.
Chris also talks candidly about his three years on the board of Teqnion, a Swedish public company: the gap between what the board knows and what outside investors think they know, why it gave him more respect for activists, and why he'd join the board of every company he owns if he could. And we compare notes on AI. He has a page-and-a-half prompt that does in 15 minutes what he says would take a junior analyst a couple of weeks.
After we said goodbye, the record button was still on and we kept talking stocks. With Chris's permission, that conversation is at the end of the episode. Names that come up include Pool Corp, Uber, Brown & Brown, Markel, W.R. Berkley, and Rollins.
Get Chris's new book: The Investor's Odyssey

What we cover:
How managing outside money changed Chris after years of writing a newsletter, and why the losses hurt more
Why you don't really understand a stock until you own it, and the case for 2% starter positions
Tying yourself to the mast: the habits Chris uses to save himself from himself
Sosnoff's Law, or why the best ideas tend to have the thinnest research files
What Chris looks for in quarterly reports when the plan is to hold for ten years
Constellation Software: how Chris thinks about a big drawdown when the numbers haven't changed
Why negative narratives are hard to argue with, and what the late 1990s "old economy" stocks can teach us about AI
What he actually does when a position is down 30, 40, or 50% (Chuck Akre's advice: do your yoga)
How Chris spends his day: 80% on existing holdings, 20% on new ideas
Expert networks, and why maybe 20% of what you hear is worth anything
AI as a junior analyst: what it does well, and which skills will still matter for investors
Three years on a public company board: what the outside never sees
Taxes, holding periods, and whether Chris would invest any differently in a tax-free account
Thoughts on Pool Corp, Uber, Brown & Brown, Markel, W.R. Berkley, and Rollins

About Chris Mayer
Chris Mayer is the portfolio manager and co-founder of Woodlock House Family Capital, a concentrated, long-term fund he launched in January 2019 after serving as chief investment officer of the Bonner family office. Before that he spent more than a decade writing the investment newsletter Capital & Crisis. He is the author of 100 Baggers: Stocks That Return 100-to-1 and How to Find Them, How Do You Know?, and his newest book, The Investor's Odyssey. Chris sits on the board of Teqnion, a publicly traded Swedish industrial acquirer.

Links
The Investor's Odyssey: https://www.amazon.com/Investors-Odyssey-Resisting-Sirens-Playing/dp/B0GJ3G6F2S
100 Baggers: https://www.amazon.com/100-Baggers-Stocks-100-1/dp/1621291650
Woodlock House Family Capital: https://www.woodlockhousefamilycapital.com
Chris on X: https://x.com/chriswmayer

The Boyar Value Group: Uncovering Investment Opportunities Since 1975
Founded in 1975, The Boyar Value Group has spent more than five decades seeking to uncover undervalued opportunities in the stock market.
Through Boyar Research, we provide in-depth, independent research focused on businesses we believe are misunderstood, underfollowed, or trading at a meaningful discount to intrinsic value.
Our investment management business applies that same research-driven discipline to manage portfolios for both institutions and individuals, utilizing our private equity approach to stock market investing.
To learn more about The Boyar Value Group, please visit www.boyarvaluegroup.com.
Never miss another Boyar podcast, market insight, or other valuable content — subscribe to our Substack at boyarresearch.substack.com.

Disclosure
This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any security, or an offer to provide investment advisory services. The views expressed by guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Boyar Research or its affiliates. Boyar Research, its affiliates, employees, and accounts managed by its affiliates may own shares of companies mentioned in this episode. Our vi...