A. Philip Randolph was a key figure in the history of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. But that was just one effort in a lifetime of activism for racial equality. Research: "A. Philip Randolph." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631005446/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a02165a4. Accessed 10 May 2023. AFL-CIO. “A. Philip Randolph.” https://aflcio.org/about/history/labor-history-people/asa-philip-randolph American Experience. “A. Philip Randolph.” From Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/garvey-philip-randolph/ American Friends Service Committee. “Honoring A. Philip Randolph, a leader in the March on Washington.” 9/3/2020. https://afsc.org/news/honoring-philip-randolph-leader-march-washington Bishop, M. (2017, June 11). Lucille Campbell Green Randolph (1883-1963). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/randolph-lucille-campbell-green-1883-1963/ Bracey, John H. Jr. and “August Meier. “Allies or Adversaries?: The NAACP, A. Philip Randolph and the 1941 March on Washington.” The Georgia Historical Quarterly , Spring 1991, Vol. 75, No. 1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40582270 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "A. Philip Randolph". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/A-Philip-Randolph. Accessed 12 May 2023. Bynum, Cornelius. “A Philip Randolph and the Struggle for Civil Rights.” University of Illinois Press. 2010. Green, James R. “A. Philip Randolph and Boston's African-American Railroad Worker.” Trotter Review. Vol. 6, Issue 2. 9/21/1992. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review Hill, Norman. "A. Philip Randolph. (Labor)." Social Policy, vol. 32, no. 4, summer 2002, pp. 9+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A90747203/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f45caf0e. Accessed 10 May 2023. Marable, Manning. “A. Philip Randolph and the Foundations of Black American Socialism.” From Workers' Struggles, Past and Present, edited by James Green. Temple University Press. Prescod, Paul. “You Should Know More About A. Philip Randolph, One of America’s Greatest Socialists.” Jacobin. 5/23/2020. https://jacobin.com/2020/05/a-philip-randolph-socialist-civil-rights-march-bscp "Randolph, A. Philip." Development of the Industrial U.S. Reference Library, edited by Sonia G. Benson, et al., vol. 2: Biographies, UXL, 2006, pp. 182-192. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3442000053/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=643ce2c8. Accessed 10 May 2023. Randolph, A. Philip, "Letter from A. Philip Randolph, International President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters to Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City," 5 June 1941. Courtesy of National Archives. https://iowaculture.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/protest-america/letter-philip-randolph-to See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mrs. Patrick Campbell was a hugely famous actress in the early 20th century, though she hasn’t really retained her iconic status. She quickly had a reputation as a stage diva with a sharp tongue, and originated one of the most beloved characters of the stage and screen. Research: Campbell, Mrs. Patrick. “My Life and Some Letters.” New York. Dodd, Mead. 1922. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/mylifesomeletter00camp Sudermann, Hermann. “Magda.” Lamson, Wolffe and Company. New York. 1895. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/34184/pg34184-images.html Woods, Leigh. “’The Golden Calf’: Noted English Actresses in American Vaudeville, 1904-1916.” Journal of American Culture. 1992. https://www.academia.edu/47469417/The_Golden_Calf_Noted_English_Actresses_in_American_Vaudeville_1904_1916 Aston, Elaine. “Campbell [née Tanner], Beatrice Stella [performing name Mrs Patrick Campbell].” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Jan. 3, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/32261 Whitaker, Alma. “Personal Reminiscences of Mrs. Patrick Campbell.” Los Angeles Sunday Times. Nov. 3, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/380204798/?terms=Mrs.%20Patrick%20Campbell&match=1 Peters, Margot. “Mrs. Pat: The Life of Mrs. Patrick Campbell.” Bodley Head. 1984. “Famous Actress at Death’s Door.” Salt Lake Tribune. Sept. 19, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/76001747/?terms=Mrs.%20Patrick%20Campbell&match=1 “Mrs. Patrick Campbell Ill.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Sept. 20, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/54225938/?terms=Mrs.%20Patrick%20Campbell&match=1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "problem play". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/art/problem-play Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Mrs. Patrick Campbell". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mrs-Patrick-Campbell “Mrs. Campbell, 75, Famous Actress.” New York Times. April 11, 1940. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/04/11/92937919.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 Shaw, George Bernard. “Pygmalion.” 1912. Digitized March 1, 2003. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3825/3825-h/3825-h.htm Atkinson, J. Brooks. “Mrs. Campbell Returns.” New York Times. Feb. 8, 1927. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1927/02/08/110039988.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters became the first African-American labor union to be recognized by the American Federation of Labor. This 2014 episode covers how the group became an important force for social change.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about Ruby Payne-Scott's progressive marriage. They also cover Japan's global connectivity earlier than people may realize.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga was a samurai who led a diplomatic delegation to New Spain, Spain and Rome in the 17th century. But many of the Japanese records about their mission were lost or destroyed after they returned. Research: Carl, Katy. “Aiming for Japan and Getting Heaven Thrown In.” Genealogies of Modernity. 12/2/2020. https://genealogiesofmodernity.org/journal/2020/11/25/scales-of-value-shusaku-endos-the-samurai Christensen, Thomas. “1616: The World in Motion.” Counterpoint. 2012. https://archive.org/details/1616worldinmotio0000chri/ Corradini, Piero. “Some Problems concerning Hasekura Tsunenaga’s Embassy to the Pope." From Rethinking Japan Vol. 2. Routledge. 1995. Frederic, Louis. “Japan Encyclopedia.” Translated by Käthe Roth. 2002. https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/mode/1up Fujikawa, Mayu. “Pope Paul V’s global design.” Renaissance Studies, APRIL 2016, Vol. 30, No. 2 (APRIL 2016). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26618847 Gessel, Van C. “Historical Background.” From The Samurai by Shusaku Endo. Gutierrez, Ed. “Samurai in Spain.” Japan Quarterly, Jan. 1, 2000. Jones, Josh. “The 17th Century Japanese Samurai Who Sailed to Europe, Met the Pope & Became a Roman Citizen.” Open Culture. 11/29/2021. https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/the-17th-century-japanese-samurai-who-sailed-to-europe-met-the-pope-became-a-roman-citizen.html Kamens, Edward. “’The Tale of Genji’ and ‘Yashima’ Screens in Local and Global Contexts.” Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin , 2007, Japanese Art at Yale (2007). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40514681 KCP International. “Hasekura Tsunenaga and his Travels.” KCP International Japanese Language School. 9/6/2017. https://www.kcpinternational.com/2017/09/hasekura-tsunenaga-and-his-travels/ Lee, Christina H. “The Perception of the Japanese in Early Modern Spain: Not Quite ‘The Best People Yet Discovered’.” eHumanista: Volume 11, 2008. Massarella, Derek. “The Japanese Embassy to Europe (1582–1590).” The Japanese Embassy to Europe (1582–1590). February 2013. https://www.hakluyt.com/downloadable_files/Journal/Massarella.pdf Mathes, W. Michael. “A Quarter Century of Trans-Pacific Diplomacy: New Spain and Japan, 1592-1617.” Journal of Asian History , 1990, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1990). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41925377 Musillo, Marco. “The Borghese papacy's reception of a samurai delegation and its fresco image at Palazzo del Quirinale, Rome.” From Western visions of the Far East in a transpacific age, 1522-1657. Ashgate, 2012. Pasciuto, Greg. “Hasekura Tsunenaga: The Adventures of a Christian Samurai.” The Collector. 12/7/2022. https://www.thecollector.com/hasekura-tsunenaga-christian-samurai/ Sanabrais, Sofia. “’Spaniards of Asia’: The Japanese Presence in Colonial Mexico.” Bulletin of Portuguese Japanese Studies. 2009, 18/19. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/361/36129851009.pdf Shigemi, Inaga. “Japanese Encounters with Latin America and Iberian Catholicism (1549–1973): Some Thoughts on Language, Imperialism, Identity Formation, and Comparative Research.” The Comparatist, Vol. 32 (MAY 2008). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26237176 Strusiewicz, Cezary Jan. “The Samurai Who Met the Pope.” Tokyo Weekender. 4/26/2021. https://www.tokyoweekender.com/art_and_culture/japanese-culture/the-samurai-who-met-the-pope/ Theroux, Marcel. “The samurai who charmed the courts of Europe.” The Guardian. 6/7/2020. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2020/jun/07/hasekura-rokuemon-tsunenaga-japan-samurai-charmed-courts-europe Tucci, Giuseppe. “Japanese Ambassadors as Roman Patricians.” East and West , JULY 1951, Vol. 2, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29757935 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.