SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

What is the largest star, and where can it be found? For a few years now, it has been known as Stephenson 2-18, often claimed to boast a diameter more than 2,100 times our sun’s. But is this estimate really reliable? And if not, then what other giant stars may be lurking out there? These are the questions we will be aiming to answer as we wind back the clock in search of the real “largest star”. 

MUSIC: 
- Holographic Rain - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37aEn7yuChQ)
- Strange Visions (Giuseppe Rizzo)
- Endless Mist (Enzo Orefice)
- Dystopia - Instrumental (Efliz) 
- Nights of Darkness 01 - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwC9HZv7Zw0)
- Static Balance (Enzo Orefice)
- Agnus Dei (Michele Nobler)
- Light the Way (Enzo Orefice)

Artists: 
- Enzo Orefice: https://www.music-bay.net/artists/enzo-orefice/
- CO.AG’s music channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic

CHAPTERS: 
00:00: What is the Largest Star? 
01:48: It’s Not Stephenson 2-18 
05:20: Modern-day Contenders
11:30: Primordial Stars
15:47: Quasi-Stars 
18:11: MoM BH*-1: Webb’s New Black Hole Star 
22:28: A Source of Galactic Engines?
26:20: The REAL “Largest Star”

Far beyond the reaches of the four rocky planets, we find our Solar System's showpiece worlds- the two gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. As the two largest planets, they both make tantalising targets for probes exploring the planetary neighbourhood, but both lie significantly further from the sun than the Earth and its terrestrial neighbours. But early in the 1970s, the technology for deep space voyages was primed, and missions to both Jupiter and Saturn ensued. Those missions make up the topic of our video today, in this second episode of our trilogy of Probes that Studied the Solar System.

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Welcome Back
01:52: The Gas Giants
04:11: When Planets Align
08:15: Pioneer 10's Journey to Jupiter
12:46: Pioneer 11's Jupiter Journey
15:10: Pioneer 11's Saturn Encounter
16:59: A Postcard from Humanity
18:46: The Galileo Spacecraft
24:27: Cassini-Huygens Spacecraft
29:11: Landing on Titan
32:14: Enceladus' Underground Ocean
33:55: Other Studies: Rings & Storms
36:52: Cassini's Grand Finale
38:38: Future Missions to the Gas Giants
42:33: To be Continued...

In 2012, the world’s most advanced science experiment uncovered the signature of the Higgs Boson, the so-called “God Particle” which gives particles their masses. The Higgs was the last of the Standard Model's particles to be verified experimentally. But far from closing the case, it instead opened a new frontier in physics that today embodies everything we still don’t know about nature’s smallest scales. And so in this video, we will wind back the clock more than half a century, to unravel the history and mysteries of the elusive Higgs Boson.

SOUNDTRACK:
- “Adega” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2faIhMd5GY)
- “Cold Constellations” - Enzo Orefice
- “No Eyes in the Fog” - Enzo Orefice
- “Creepy Dolls” - Efliz
- “Vanished Minds” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPQM8Twz5ec)
- “Orbiting Dreams” - Enzo Orefice
- “Sunrise” - Enzo Orefice
- “Parallel Dimensions” - Enzo Orefice
- “Hidden Presence” - Enzo Orefice
- “I Vanish When the Sun Awakens” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5fLFlAI0Fw)Artists:
- Enzo Orefice: https://www.music-bay.net/artists/enzo-orefice/
- CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic/videos

CHAPTERS:
00:00: The Standard Model
01:58: The Higgs Field
04:53: The Weak Force Problem
08:12: Early Particle Colliders
12:14: The Large Hadron Collider
14:04: Detecting the Higgs Particle
18:31: Sigma Significance
20:23: Discovery in 2012
23:26: Naturalness vs. Fine Tuning
27:01: Supersymmetry
29:54: Future Colliders
32:05: Vacuum Decay

Why does the universe choose life over silence? Why has its once inanimate matter and energy come alive on planet Earth? Is it chance? Fate? Or even, by design? It is this profound question that has plagued our conscious minds since the time of our earliest ancestors, and it is going to be the topic of our video today.
This video is my oldest idea, and I was planning for it as early as 2021. A massive thank you to the artist Semiquaver for composing the soundtrack that brought this vision to life.

SOUNDTRACK:
The soundtrack for this video was crafted by Semiquaver, an ambient music and soundscape artist who I'd been following for a while, and knew he was perfect for the job.
His channel can be found here:  @semiquaver16th  , where he regularly releases new soundscapes and compositions.
The full, 37 minute track will be available to listen to here: https://youtu.be/WQQhwggE6Bo

CHAPTERS:
0:00: What Does It Mean?
1:55: Cosmic Fine-Tuning
7:22: The Universe is Infinite
10:45: Parallel Universes
14:47: Design Hypothesis
18:56: Cosmic Consciousness
22:02: Boltzmann Brain
25:03: We Are Alone
28:30: Theory of Everything

Can we ever turn back the clock? On Earth, Time is rigid and immovable, but in space, it's practically the opposite. Out in the cosmos, time is another dimension alongside the three of space- but unlike in 3D space, there is only one way we seem to be able to move through time. The cause of this directionality, and so-called "Arrow of Time" through the cosmos, makes up the topic of our video today- the second part in a double header on the mysterious workings of Time.

SOUNDTRACK:
The first and last tracks in this video were composed by Semiquaver, an ambient soundscape music artist. He and I will be working on an original piece specially for the soundtrack to my final video of the year, so go and check him out before then: @semiquaver16th 
The other tracks were composed by CO.AG Music, my go-to-guy for such high quality pieces:  @co.agmusic 
"Why Me?" - Semiquaver: https://youtu.be/kfp-Qm99BTY?si=ZOUiOTxLgpkHgWhd
"Space is as Clear as Dreaming" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/FQ42GG9ReC4?si=ceWagFlaEY3qOiuH
"You Can Escape Everything in This Life Except Yourself" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/O58i-jHGYVs?si=mSBKH-WITwGaLV1z
"Old Tape Haunting Soundscape" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/LT_APDKFEjU?si=M7h8OTIyC5QtV0Px
"I Will Awaken When the Sun Sleeps" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/IshEmQXBi7g?si=mzCVDnGXV28K0Tzp

CHAPTERS
00:00: Welcome Back...
01:56: The Fourth Dimension
06:28: Time Dilation
11:15: Forward Time Travel
12:42: General Relativity
15:00 Backwards Time Travel
18:38: The Second Law
21:49: Reverse Entropy
23:48: Out of Time